Cilacap Regency - Central Java province consists of 24 districts, 269 villages and 15 districts. Because geographically with West Java province, it is sociologically and culturally the meeting point of Silacap/Javanese culture (Banyumasan) and Sudanese culture (East Priyangan).
1. History of Silacap before the rule of the Dutch East Indies
The geographical location of Cilacap has always been between two political regions, Galuh (Sunda) and Mataram (Java). The name Donan is first known from Cilacap. Based on the Mataram (Javanese) perspective of the Salinsingan text (1880), the village of Donan (Handaunan), the predecessor of Jilajap, had been ruling ancient Mataram since the 9th century. DYAH LOKAPALA. The word Silacap comes from the word "Tlacap" which means land narrowing.
From Cilacap Galuh (Sudan) the pirates of "Segara Anakan and Nusakambangan Island" can be seen in the Dutch report (1809) that Galuh/East Pringan had a lot of power, trade was very active.
In addition, the history of Silacap cannot be separated from the history of Banyumas. In the 15th century, a WIRASABA ruler founded a new city called Banyumas, the center of the Vedana position, under the 12 rulers of Surakarta Sunat. Because they were believed to want to separate from Kasunanan, the Banyumas were divided into 2 Wedana sections: the one controlling the rulers (called Tumengung/Ngabehi), namely the Banyumas Kasepuhan (Purvokerto, Adipala and Adireja) and the Banyumas Kanoman (Purbalanga). . . Sokaraja, Panjar, part of Banjarnegara).
At that time, the Silacap region, still called Donan and ruled by the local ruler / RONGGO AMAT DIMRAN, became a bone of contention between the two. The Surakarta Sunanet also includes Kadipaten Majenang/Dajuhluhur, so this dukedom was not originally part of the Banyumas but was directly related to the Surakarta Sunanet.
two. History of Cilacap after the Dutch East Indies
After the Diponegoro War (1830), the western region of Mataram was occupied by the colonial government. The territories of Banyumas and Bagelen (Kedu) were included in the Dutch East Indies (1831). Then a government was established to accompany the rulers, starting with the resident and the assistant resident. Karisidanan Banyumas control 5 districts: Ajibarang, Purbalingga, Purvokerto, Banjarnegara and Majenang/Dauhluhur. Silacap is still one district with Dayuhluhur (including Nusakambanga) and Adiraja districts.
1830 was "the beginning of the colonial period in the history of Java". The Dutch East Indies, i.e. van den Bosch, introduced forced cultivation (cultuorstelsel) and a tax system. People have to plant part of the crop and deliver it in exchange for cash tax, otherwise they are obliged to pay property tax in cash. After the annexation of foreign lands (banyumas), the government of the Dutch East Indies saw that the products forced to Jilajap were transported to the export market (Europe). To study the flow of traffic between the Serai River and the Silacap, the idea of building a canal, i. H. "KALI YASA" (built river). The very happy Governor General DOMINIQUE JACQUES DE EERENS and PRINCE HENDRIK came from Holland, took their time to fly from Banyumas to Cilacap, it took 9 days. (1837)
The Dutch East Indies government also appointed Raden Bey TJAKRADIMEDJA (son of the Banyumas king of Kasepuhan) to turn Dona into a city. The Dutch East Indies government considered the southern Banyumas area too large, so the 'Patenschap' Dayeuhluhur was separated from Banyumas and became a separate division, i.e. a branch of Cilacap with the capital Cilacap , which became the country's headquarters. European Bestsur Resident Deputy Head and Local Bestsur Ranga or Onder Regent "On June 27, 1841 No. 100-2003 10. X
During LAUNY's residency, Onder Afdeling Tlap met with Governor General D. Established with DE ERENS by Resolution No. 1 of July 17, 1839: "For the implementation of a more orderly provincial government in the southern region." To promote the development of the port of Banyumas and Cilacap, the proposal of the regional organization on Yirga - the southern part of the district, one of the 3 resident assistants in this residence will be installed in Cilacap.
On December 29, 1855, the ninth resident of Banyumas, Van de Moor No. 3, proposed to the Dutch Minister of the Colonies the presence of Cilacap Regency. No. 86 and Colonial Secretary's secret letter No. 7 / A dated January 5, 1856 to the Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies confirming the approval of the King of the Netherlands, that is, the establishment of the province of Silakaup and the organization and local administration. The bestir's budget is over 5,220 guilders per year.
After receiving the secret letter "Önder Regentschap Cilacap" he was promoted to Regent of Cilacap by Governor Besluit No. 21 on March 21, 1856. Raden Tumenggung TJAKRAWERDANA 1 July 6, 1856 He was named Duke of Lakap in the Dutch East Indies Kingdom, known for being a brutal ruler. He wanted Donna to be a city. At that time, the Donan Forest was still swampy, densely populated with wild animals, and much hated. Start cultivating the haunted area, press the water and fill the swamp. The reception and accommodation is done with the help of faithful people with physical and mental strength. A mosque was built in the field of his mind. To protect themselves from the scorching sun, they began to build roads and walnut trees were planted on their edges (evergreen). I was named 2nd Vice-Vice by his brother and Çilacap. He died of illness. Similarly the 3rd ruler of Jilajap also died of malaria.
Also, the 4th regent was RMAA.TJAKRAVERDAJA (1882 -1927). This 4th Regent did a great job and continued the growth of the previous Regent. By clearing the swamps and sending them to agricultural fields, the city of Talacap expanded. Reproduce and widen roads, create canals to drain water from swamps containing malaria seeds into the sea, and build 25 markets. Tlacap is already an area and food is never lacking. At that time, Tlakap grew because the private sector was engaged in export and import operations, exporting and importing coffee, tobacco, indigo, sugar, copra, quince, tea and others to the European market. From cotton, ceramics, etc. - Others are distributed in and around Silacap.
The Yogyakarta-Silacap (SS) railway line began operation in 1879-1887. The railway connection from Silacap station to the port for the transportation of goods was carried out in 1888. Sugar was used as an export item. The fifth ruler of Jilajap, RMAA TJAKRASEWAJA (1927-1950), experienced several kingdoms, including the Dutch East Indies, the Japanese occupation and the War of Independence I-II. In the year The regent who has been ruling the Cilacap Regency since 1950 is not a descendant of the previous regents.
thanks a lot
Source: Education, Training, Archives and Cilacap Regional Library brochure as part of the "Cilacap Reading Movement 2016" in conjunction with the 160th anniversary of the Cilacap Directorate.
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